英文タイトル：
Awareness and Attitudes of the Post-Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Generation Toward Passing on the Memories of the Disaster : An Analytical Report on the Fiscal 2019 Survey
執筆者：山中 速人・照本 清峰・津田 睦美・奈良 雅美・金 千秋
掲載誌：『総合政策研究/Journal of policy studies』、64号、pp.73-94 (2022-03-20)
要約： 2020年1月17日、阪神・淡路大震災（以下：大震災）の発災後25年が経った。この間、被災地周辺でも、大震災を知らない新しい世代が数多く誕生した。大震災の記憶を未来に継承していく役割を担うこれら震災後世代が、大震災についての記憶継承についてどのような態度と意識をもっているかを明らかにするため、2019年に被災地の放送局FMYYと関西学院大学総合政策学部が共同して、大震災の被災地に位置する3つの大学（関西学院大学、神戸常盤大学、神戸大学）の学部生を対象として意識調査を実施し、最大445の有効サンプルを得た。同様の調査は2020年度も実施された。これら調査の基礎的な結果については、すでに本誌（61号、63号）で報告されている。本論では、2019年度の調査データをもとに、さらに深く分析を行ない、その結果を報告する。
分析結果は以下のようなものである。まず、大震災についての知識や情報を得る回路については、被災地出身で居住経験の長い回答者ほど被災者から直接経験や記憶を知る機会を得る傾向があり、また、学校教育を通じた機会も多かった。これに対し、被災地出身でなくまた居住経験もすくない回答者は、映像系メディア（テレビ、映画、ネット動画など）によって大震災の知識や情報を得る傾向が多かった。つぎに、大震災についての関心や継承すべき記憶の対象については、１．被災者やボランティなどの人間的体験に関心を寄せる要素と、２．救命救急活動や防災について関心を寄せる要素の２つの要素がみられた。さらに、大震災に対する認識や記憶継承に対する意識態度については、被災地出身で居住経験の長い回答者は、被災者の心情や経験を語り継ぐ意義を理解し、現在の被災地が復興を遂げるに至った経過の記憶を継承することに積極的であることが分かった。また、男性は、女性より災害の爪痕を消し、新しい町に作り変えるのがよいと考える傾向を示した。最後に、大震災の記憶を伝える手段については、被災者の語りかけなどの直接的コミュニケーション、学校教育、記録映像などのメディアの３つの手段は相互に強く連関していたが、博物館や追悼行事による記憶の継承は、他の手段との関連が弱かった。大震災の記憶を継承する多様な手段による試みが、今後も継続することが期待されている。
英文Abstract:
January 17, 2020, marks the 25th year since the Great Hanshin-Awaji Great Earthquake. Over this time, several generations have been born in the disaster area with no knowledge of the great earthquake. Yet the post-disaster generations have a role to play in making sure that the memories of the great disaster are carried forward. To clar- ify their attitudes and opinions about the disasters, a survey was carried out in 2019 by the School of Policy Stud- ies of Kwansei Gakuin University and FMYY, a community broadcasting station in Kobe. The survey targeted undergraduate students at three universities (Kwansei Gakuin University, Kobe University, and Kobe Tokiwa Uni- versity) in the vicinity of the disaster area, with a total of 445 valid responses. A similar survey was conducted in fiscal 2020. The basic outcomes of these surveys have already been reported in volumes 61 and 63 of this journal. This paper provides a more in-depth analysis of the 2019 survey data. The analysis results are as follows. First, with regard to the means by which knowledge and information about the disaster was obtained, respondents who were from the disaster area and had lived there for a long time tended to have more opportunities to learn directly from the survivors about their experiences and memories. Many also said they had opportunities to learn about the disaster through their school education, in contrast, those who were not from the disaster area or who had not lived there very long tended to acquire their disaster information through such visual media as television, film, and the Internet. Next, regarding interest in the disaster and what kinds of memories should be passed on, survey responses were roughly divided into two groups: 1. Those who showed a greater interest in the human narratives of disaster victims and volunteers, and 2. Those who showed a greater interest in lifesaving activities and disas- ter prevention measures. Regarding awareness and attitudes towards the disaster and passing on the memories of the disaster, it was found that respondents who were from the disaster area and had lived there for a long time understood the importance of having survivors narrate their emotions and experiences and were willing to play an active role in passing on the processes by which the region recovered from the disaster. More men than women expressed the opinion that it was better to erase the scars of the disaster and rebuild completely new. Finally, with regard to methods of conveying the memories of the disaster, the three methods of direct communication, such as narrations by survivors, school education, and media, such as recorded images, were found to be strongly inter- connected, while the transmission of memory through museums and memorial events was only weakly related to the other methods. Hopefully, diverse methods will continue to be used to pass on the memories of the disaster.
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